Desarrollo y Mantenimiento de Sistemas Informáticos

4º. 1er cuatrimestre. Itinerario de Sistemas de la Información. Grado en Ingeniería Informática. ULL

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A static site generator (SSG) (see https://www.staticgen.com/ is a compromise between using a hand-coded static site and a full content management system (CMS). You generate an HTML-only website using raw data (such as Markdown files) and templates. The resulting build is transferred to your live server.

Jekyll, Elevently and hexo are examples of SSG.

Recuerda que GitHub provee un servicio de Hosting de páginas estáticas (GitHub Pages) que se sirven mediante Jekyll.

Jekyll Documentation and Tutorials

Site Structure

Using Jekyll with Docker

File docker-compose.yml:

version: '3'

services:
  site:
    image: jekyll/jekyll:3.8.6
    command: bundle exec jekyll serve --future --incremental --watch --livereload --drafts --host 0.0.0.0 --port 4000 
    ports:
      - 4000:4000
    volumes:
      - .:/srv/jekyll
      - ./vendor/bundle:/usr/local/bundle

En el Rakefile:

task :docker do
  # sh 'docker run --rm --volume="$PWD:/srv/jekyll" --volume="$PWD/vendor/bundle:/usr/local/bundle" --env JEKYLL_ENV=development -p 4000:4000 jekyll/jekyll:3.8 jekyll serve'
  sh 'docker compose up' 
end

o bien:

➜  apuntes git:(main) ✗ cat jekyll-up 
#!/bin/bash
docker compose up                                                                                      
➜  apuntes git:(main) ✗ cat jekyll-down 
#!/bin/bash
docker compose down

Jekyll: Como preparar un informe de Prácticas usando GitHub Pages

Tutorials

Tutorials

Video Walkthroughs

Order of interpretation

Custom 404 Page

An Example of a 404 page

~/.../pl1920/apuntes(master)]$ cat 404.md 

---
layout: error
title: Error
---
# Error: ¡Ay Diós mío!

## Aún no he escrito esta página. 


<div>
<style>
img, #quote, #comment-cat {
  display: block;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}
#author {
  float: right;
}
</style>


<div id="comment-cat"></div>
<div id="cat"></div>
<br/>
<div id="quote"></div>
<div id="author"></div>


<script type="text/javascript">

/*
  https://docs.thecatapi.com/ 
*/
const URL = 'https://api.thecatapi.com/v1/images/search?size=full';

(async function() {
  try {
    
    // CAT 
    let divTitle = document.getElementById("comment-cat");
    
    let divcat = document.getElementById("cat");
    let response = await fetch(URL, {
       headers: {
       'x-api-key': "56a4f1cc-7f60-468d-9dba-e4b6f04b7c7d"
       }
    });
    let cat = await response.json();
    // console.log(cat);   
    let img = document.createElement("img");
    let title = document.createElement("h2");
    title.innerText = "Consuélate con un gatito";   
    divTitle.append(title);
    img.src = cat[0].url;
    divcat.appendChild(img);   

    // QUOTE
    const quoteDiv = document.getElementById("quote");
    const authorDiv = document.getElementById("author");
    
    const quoteRes = await fetch('https://api.quotable.io/random');
    const data = await quoteRes.json();
    quoteDiv.innerHTML = `<h2>${data.content}</h2>`;
    authorDiv.innerHTML = `<h3>—${data.author}</h3>`;
  }
  catch(e) { 
    console.log(e);
  }
})();
</script>

</div>

Convert an HTML site to Jekyll

Using Jekyll with Bundler

The Jekyll Conference

CloudCannon: The Cloud CMS for Jekyll

CloudCannon is cloud content management system and hosting provider for Jekyll websites. The way it works is this:

  1. A developer uploads a Jekyll site in the browser or syncs with GitHub, Bitbucket or Dropbox.
  2. CloudCannon builds the site, hosts it and
  3. provides an interface for non-technical people to update content.

Editors

Themes

With gem-based themes, some of the site’s directories (such as the assets, _layouts, _includes, and _sass directories) are stored in the theme’s gem, hidden from your immediate view. Yet all of the necessary directories will be read and processed during Jekyll’s build process.

You can run bundle update <THEME>, replacing <THEME> with the theme name, such as minima, to just update the theme gem:

~/.../sytws1920/apuntes(master)]$ bundle update jekyll-theme-midnight
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/...........
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
Resolving dependencies...
Using concurrent-ruby 1.1.5
...
Bundler attempted to update jekyll-theme-midnight but its version stayed the same
Bundle updated!

Converting a Jekyll Web Site to PDF

Blog: A Collection of Music Albums

React and Jekyll

Auth and Jekyll

E-commerce

Developing

”

This is a common problem between different Jekyll environments.

Some explanations

We need to understand site.url and site.baseurl and in which situation we need them. Those variables don’t serve the same purpose.

site.url

By default, this variable is only used in page head for the canonical header and the RSS link. It’s also used in the xml feed to point to site resources as the software that will manage this feed doesn’t know resource’s urls.

This variable is only necessary for external systems.

site.baseurl

This variable indicates the root folder of your Jekyll site. By default it is set to "" (empty string). That means that your Jekyll site is at the root of http://example.com.

If your Jekyll site lives in http://example.com/blog, you have to set site.baseurl to /blog (note the slash). This will allow assets (css, js) to load correctly.

See how assets are loaded in you head :

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css">

that can also be :

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css">

Working in different environments

Now you have to test your site locally and to deploy it in production. Sometimes, the baseurl is different and the jekyll build may not work out of the box in one of those environment.

Here we have two solutions :

Use jekyll serve

Let’s imagine that your site lives in a github repository and is served at https://username.github.io/myProject.

You can setup the baseurl to /myProject. and test your site locally with jekyll serve, your site will be served at http://127.0.0.1:4000/myProject/

Use multiple configuration files

If, for one reason or another, you cannot use jekyll serve, you can set a configuration file for both environment and jekyll build depending on where you are deploying.

Let’s say we have the local site served at http://localhost and the production site served at https://username.github.io/myProject.

We leave the _config.yml with url: https://username.github.io and baseurl: /myProject

We create a new _config_dev.yml with only url: https://localhost and baseurl: ""

Now to test locally :

jekyll build --config _config.yml,_config_dev.yml

or

jekyll build --config _config.yml,_config_dev.yml --watch

When pushed on production, the jekyll build command will use the default _config.yml.

Testing HTML pages

HTMLProofer

When testing Jekyll output, there is no better tool than html-proofer. This tool checks your resulting site to ensure all links and images exist. Utilize it either with the convenient htmlproofer command-line executable, or write a Ruby script which utilizes the gem

usuario@ubuntu:~/src/ull-mii-sytws-1920.github.io$ bundle exec htmlproofer ./_site --disable-external
Running ["ImageCheck", "ScriptCheck", "LinkCheck"] on ["./_site"] on *.html... 


Ran on 158 files!


- ./_site/2019/09/30/leccion.html
  *  internally linking to /practicas, which does not exist (line 31)
     <a href="/practicas" title="Prácticas">✍</a>
  *  internally linking to /practicas, which does not exist (line 129)
     <a href="/practicas" title="Prácticas">✍</a>
- ./_site/404.html
  *  internally linking to /practicas, which does not exist (line 31)
     <a href="/practicas" title="Prácticas">✍</a>
     ... many more entries

Let us see if its true. Instead of running with jekyll serve, I use a static server to see if the build is really consistent:

usuario@ubuntu:~/src/ull-mii-sytws-1920.github.io/_site$ static-server -p 8080
options.index is now deprecated please use options.templates.index instead.
* Static server successfully started.
* Serving files at: http://localhost:8080
* Press Ctrl+C to shutdown.
<-- [GET] /2019/09/30/leccion.html
--> 200 OK /2019/09/30/leccion.html 5.63 KiB (15.964ms)
...
<-- [GET] /practicas/
--> 403 /practicas/ (2.199ms)
<-- [GET] /favicon.ico

See the 403 /practicas/ (2.199ms) warning.

It seems htmlproofer is right in spite that it works in github.io

We use HTMLProofer to test our web site. Here is an example of use:

Rakefile task for testing

~/.../sytws1920/ull-mii-sytws-1920.github.io(master)]$ cat Rakefile 

desc "sytws: bundle exec jekyll serve --watch"
task :serve do
  sh "bundle exec jekyll serve --future --watch --port 8080 --host 10.6.128.216"
end

... # more tasks

require 'html-proofer'
desc "test links in the build web site"
task :test do
  sh "bundle exec jekyll build"
  options = { 
    :assume_extension => true, 
    :disable_external => true, 
    :empty_alt_ignore => true,
    :file_ignore => [ %r{categories} ]
  }
  HTMLProofer.check_directory("./_site", options).run
end

Testing with GitHub Actions

Here is an example of using the action Proof-HTML to check the health of our site:

➜  apuntes git:(main) ✗ cat .github/workflows/testHTML.yml
name: CI
on:
  push:
  schedule:
    - cron: '0 8 * * 6'
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - uses: actions/setup-ruby@v1
        with:
          ruby-version: 2.7.x
      - uses: actions/cache@v2
        with:
          path: vendor/bundle
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-gems-${{ hashFiles('**/Gemfile.lock') }}
          restore-keys: |
            ${{ runner.os }}-gems-
      - run: |
          bundle config path vendor/bundle
          bundle install --jobs 4 --retry 3
      - run: bundle exec jekyll build
      - uses: anishathalye/proof-html@v1
        with:
          directory: ./_site
          enforce_https: false
          tokens: |
            {"https://github.com": "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"}
          url_ignore: |
            http://www.example.com/
            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
          url_ignore_re: |
            ^https://twitter.com/

Testing with HTMLProofer and Travis

Jekyll as a Web Service

Maths y Jekyll

See the tutorial:

Summarizing, the simplest way is to add a line like:

<!-- Mathjax Support  -->
<script src='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML' async></script>

at then end of your layout.

Here is an example of what you can do:

$$ r = h = \sqrt{\frac {1} {2}} = \sqrt{\frac {N} {N+1}} \sqrt{\frac {N+1} {2N}} $$

that renders as:

\[r = h = \sqrt{\frac {1} {2}} = \sqrt{\frac {N} {N+1}} \sqrt{\frac {N+1} {2N}}\]

Working with upcoming posts in Jekyll

We used to work on more than one post at a time and publish them in future. So you just want to test them while writing the blog, but you don’t want publish them to your live blog immediately. There are different ways to achieve this in jekyll. This article discuss several workflows:

Cursos en YouTube de Jekyll and NetlifyCMS por Thomas Bradley

Chen Hui Jing Talks on Jekyll

Práctica jekyll-netlify